Kapampangan to Bikol Phrasebook

Greetings

The opener changes in every one of these languages — this is the fastest way to tell them apart.

Greetings: Kapampangan phrases with Bikol and English translations
Kapampangan	Bikol	English
Mayap a abakpending review	Marhay na aga	Good morningEvery one of these is literally 'good' + 'morning', and the word for 'good' is the giveaway: maayo in the Visayan languages, maupay in Waray, marhay in Bikol, mayap in Kapampangan, maabig in Pangasinan, naimbag in Ilocano.
Mayap a gatpanapunpending review	Marhay na hapon	Good afternoon
Mayap a bengipending review	Marhay na banggi	Good evening
Mayap a aldopending review	Marhay na aldaw	Good day
Komusta ka?pending review	Kumusta ka?	How are you?The one phrase that is effectively identical everywhere, because all eight borrowed it from Spanish '¿cómo está?'. Do not read that as evidence the languages are close.
Mayap ku namanpending review	Marhay man	I'm fine
Mako na kupending review	Paaram	GoodbyeCebuano 'ayo-ayo' and Hiligaynon 'halong' both mean 'take care' rather than 'farewell'; a bare word for goodbye is uncommon in the Visayan languages, and 'bye' is what people actually say.
Mayap a bengipending review	Marhay na banggi	Good night (on parting)The word for good behaves here as it does in every greeting on this site; it is the second half worth looking at. Rabii, gabii, gab-i, banggi, bengi and labi are six forms that rhyme more than they match.

Courtesy

Thank you, sorry, yes and no.

Courtesy: Kapampangan phrases with Bikol and English translations
Kapampangan	Bikol	English
Salamatpending review	Salamat	Thank youIlocano is the odd one out. 'Salamat' is understood in Ilocos, but 'agyamanak' — literally 'I am grateful' — is the native form and the one a speaker will use back to you.
Dakal a salamatpending review	Dakulang salamat	Thank you very muchThe intensifier is the tell: daghan (Cebuano), madamo (Hiligaynon), damo (Waray), dakula (Bikol), dakal (Kapampangan), dakel (Pangasinan) — all meaning 'many', none of them the Tagalog 'marami'.
Ala yang anumanpending review	Daing ano man	You're welcomeWaray's own name comes from this construction — 'waray' is the word for 'none', and the language is named after how often outsiders heard it.
Wapending review	Iyo	YesFour different words for yes across eight languages. Kapampangan 'wa' and Pangasinan 'on' are unrecognisable to a Tagalog speaker, and machine translation frequently passes them through untouched.
Alipending review	Dai	NoIlocano also uses 'saan' for no, which is a genuine trap: 'saan' is 'where' in Tagalog. Hiligaynon 'indi' and Waray 'diri' look alike but Waray 'diri' collides with Hiligaynon 'diri', meaning 'here'.
Pasensya napending review	Patawada ako	SorryIn everyday speech 'sorry' and 'pasensya' are what most speakers actually say in all eight; the native forms above are what you will see written.
Pakisuyupending review	Tabi	PleaseNone of these behave like English 'please'. They are requests in their own right — Cebuano 'palihug' is closer to 'do me the favour' — and are usually attached to the verb rather than added at the end.
Alang problemapending review	Mayong problema	No problemThe word for 'none' is the giveaway: wala, awan, walay, waray, mayo. Waray-speakers are named after theirs.
Mingat kapending review	Mag-ingat ka	Take careCebuano ayo-ayo and Hiligaynon halong appear again as those languages' entry for goodbye. A Visayan farewell is usually an instruction to look after yourself rather than a word for parting.

Introductions

Names and first meetings.

Introductions: Kapampangan phrases with Bikol and English translations
Kapampangan	Bikol	English
Nanu ing lagyu mu?pending review	Ano an pangaran mo?	What is your name?Kapampangan shares no root here at all — 'nanu' for what, 'lagyu' for name — which is a fair summary of how far Central Luzon sits from everything else on this list.
Ing lagyu ku…pending review	An pangaran ko…	My name is…
Taga-nokarin ka?pending review	Taga-sain ka?	Where are you from?Same frame, eight different question words bolted onto it. This single row is the clearest illustration of why machine translation between these languages fails: the shared 'taga-' makes the sentence look translatable while the word that carries the meaning is unique to each.

Understanding

Getting by when you do not follow.

Understanding: Kapampangan phrases with Bikol and English translations
Kapampangan	Bikol	English
E ku aintindianpending review	Dai ko nasasabutan	I don't understand
Balu meng mag-English?pending review	Tataong ka mag-English?	Do you speak English?The verb for 'to know how' differs completely: kamao, kabalo, maaram, tataong. None of them is the Tagalog 'marunong'.
Nanu ini?pending review	Ano ini?	What is this?
Aintindian kupending review	Nasasabutan ko	I understand

Numbers

Native numerals one to ten, which diverge sharply between the Luzon and Visayan languages.

Numbers: Kapampangan phrases with Bikol and English translations
Kapampangan	Bikol	English
Metungpending review	Saro	OneCebuano and Waray 'usa' is a false friend of the highest order: in Tagalog 'usa' is a deer.
Adwapending review	Duwa	Two
Atlupending review	Tulo	Three
Apatpending review	Apat	Four
Limapending review	Lima	FiveThe one numeral that survives intact across all eight — and in Pangasinan 'lima' is also the word for 'hand', which is where the numeral came from in the first place.
Anampending review	Anom	Six
Pitupending review	Pito	SevenPito is unchanged in six of the eight. The two that look different are not: Kapampangan pitu is the u-for-o that runs through its whole numeral set, and Pangasinan pitora is pito carrying the -ra counting suffix that makes its numerals longer than everyone else's.
Walupending review	Walo	EightWalo survives untouched in six languages. Kapampangan walu and Pangasinan walora are the same word wearing each language's habits — the u for o, and the -ra that Pangasinan attaches to every numeral.
Siyampending review	Siyam	NineSiyam everywhere, and the differences are spelling rather than vocabulary: Ilocano writes siam without the y, Pangasinan siamira adds its counting suffix to the same root. Nine is one of the numerals no language here replaced.
Apulupending review	Sampulo	TenPangasinan numerals carry a counting suffix -ra that none of the others use, so 'limara' and 'samplora' look longer than their neighbours for a structural reason rather than a phonetic one.
Labing metungpending review	Kagsaro	ElevenThree different strategies for building teens: Tagalog and Kapampangan prefix labing-, the Visayan languages say 'ten and one', and Bikol has a dedicated form (kagsaro).
Labingadwapending review	Kagduwa	TwelveTwo ways of building it. Tagalog labindalawa, Kapampangan labingadwa and Pangasinan labinduara use a labi- prefix; the Visayan languages and Ilocano spell it out as ten and two — napulog duha, sangapulo ket dua. Bikol kagduwa contracts the same idea.
Adwangpulupending review	Duwang pulo	TwentyCebuano and Hiligaynon 'kaluhaan' bears no visible relation to their own word for two, duha. Waray's 'karuhaan' shows the same form after its regular l→r shift.
Atlungpulupending review	Tulong pulo	ThirtyThe Visayan languages wrap the root for three in ka- and -an and get katloan. Everyone else counts it out as three tens: tatlumpu, tallopulo, tulong pulo, atlungpulu, talomplo.
Limangpulupending review	Limang pulo	FiftyKalim-an is the same Visayan ka- -an circumfix seen on thirty, this time around lima. The others say five tens, and Ilocano limapulo shows that construction at its plainest.
Dinalanpending review	Sanggatos	One hundredKapampangan 'dinalan' and Pangasinan 'sanlasus' share nothing with the gatos/daan the rest use — another reminder that the Luzon languages are not a group.
Libupending review	Sangribo	One thousandSeven of the eight share libo and differ only in the counter in front of it — isang, usa ka, isa ka, sang-, san-. Ilocano sangaribu swaps the l for an r; Kapampangan drops the counter and says libu on its own.

Question words

Who, what, where and when — the words that differ most and trip up readers most.

Question words: Kapampangan phrases with Bikol and English translations
Kapampangan	Bikol	English
Nanupending review	Ano	WhatAno covers Tagalog, Hiligaynon, Waray and Bikol, and Pangasinan anto is close enough to guess. Cebuano unsa, Kapampangan nanu and Ilocano ania are separate words entirely. Question words open most sentences, which is why this is where comprehension between these languages tends to fail first.
Ninupending review	Siisay	WhoHiligaynon 'sin-o' and Waray 'hin-o' differ by a single consonant, and that s→h shift runs through the whole of Waray. It is the single most reliable way to tell the two apart.
Nokarinpending review	Sain	WhereSeven distinct words. Cebuano 'asa' is a false friend in Tagalog, where it means to hope or depend on someone.
Kapilanpending review	Nuarin	WhenSix of the eight begin with ka-, and three of those carry a glottal stop written as a hyphen — kanus-a, san-o, kakan-o. Bikol nuarin is the outlier, sharing its shape with none of them.
Magkanu?pending review	Pira?	How much?Two different questions. Tagalog magkano and Kapampangan magkanu ask about price directly. Cebuano and Hiligaynon tagpila, Waray tagpira, Bikol pira, Pangasinan pigara and Ilocano mano are all built on that language's word for 'how many' instead.
Pilan?pending review	Pira?	How many?Cebuano and Hiligaynon 'pila' means 'how many'. In Tagalog 'pila' is a queue — which makes 'Pila?' one of the most commonly misread words between Manila and Cebu.
makananupending review	pano	How

Time & days

Today, tomorrow, day and night.

Time & days: Kapampangan phrases with Bikol and English translations
Kapampangan	Bikol	English
Ngenipending review	Ngonyan	TodayEight words and no agreement, and two of them are the trap on this site's Cebuano-Hiligaynon page: Cebuano karon means today, while Hiligaynon reaches for subong instead — because karon in Hiligaynon means later.
Bukaspending review	Sa aga	TomorrowIlocano builds tomorrow out of 'bigat', the word for morning — the same root as in 'Naimbag a bigat'.
Napunpending review	Kasuhapon	YesterdayKahapon, gahapon and kasuhapon are one word with the prefix shifting. Waray kakulop, Ilocano idi kalman and Kapampangan napun stand outside it entirely.
Aldopending review	Aldaw	DayIn the Visayan languages 'adlaw' is both the day and the sun. Tagalog keeps the same double meaning in 'araw'; Ilocano does not — 'aldaw' is the day and 'init' is the sun.
Bengipending review	Banggi	NightGabi is also the Tagalog for taro, separated only by stress — one of the few places where a core time word collides with a vegetable. Ilocano rabii, Bikol banggi, Kapampangan bengi and Pangasinan labi are the same word pulled through each language's consonants.
Dominggopending review	Semana	WeekThree Spanish routes to one word. The Visayan languages and Bikol took semana; Tagalog linggo and Kapampangan dominggo both come from domingo, the Sunday that bounds the week. Pangasinan simba arrived the same way — and it is why simba means a week there and 'to attend mass' in Tagalog.
Banwapending review	Taon	YearTuig across all three Visayan languages, taon in Tagalog, Bikol and Pangasinan, with Ilocano tawen the same word carrying its w. Kapampangan banwa belongs to neither group.
Lunespending review	Lunes	MondayAll eight took the Spanish weekday names wholesale. Only Sunday diverges — see below.
Martespending review	Martes	TuesdayIdentical in all eight. The Spanish weekday names arrived as a set, and none of these languages had a competing seven-day cycle to defend.
Miyerkulespending review	Miyerkules	WednesdayThe only variation is spelling. Ilocano, Hiligaynon and Pangasinan write -koles; the other five write -kules.
Huwebespending review	Huwebes	ThursdayHuebes in Ilocano and Pangasinan, huwebes in the rest — the same choice between u and w those two make on Wednesday and again on Friday.
Biyernespending review	Biyernes	FridayBiernes in Ilocano and Pangasinan, biyernes elsewhere. Three weekdays running where those two languages spell the Spanish the same way against the other six.
Sabadopending review	Sabado	SaturdaySabado in all eight with no variation whatsoever — the one weekday where even Ilocano and Pangasinan write it exactly as everyone else does.
Dominggopending review	Domingo	SundayTagalog is the outlier: 'Linggo' where the rest kept 'Domingo'. Pangasinan went further and uses 'Simba', from the word for churchgoing — the same root Tagalog uses for the verb 'to attend mass'.
Ugtupending review	Udto	NoonUdto across the Visayan languages and Bikol, with Kapampangan ugtu the same word. Tagalog tanghali stands alone, and Ilocano does not use a single word at all: tengnga ti aldaw is 'the middle of the day'.
Abakpending review	Aga	MorningAga in Hiligaynon, Waray and Bikol, and Tagalog umaga is that root under a prefix. Cebuano buntag, Ilocano bigat, Kapampangan abak and Pangasinan kabuasan are four separate answers — which is why the greetings built on them share so little.
Oraspending review	Oras	HourOras in all eight, from Spanish horas, with no language keeping an alternative alongside it.
Panepending review	Pirmi	AlwaysPirme and pirmi in Hiligaynon, Waray and Bikol are Spanish firme. Cebuano kanunay and Ilocano kanayon are one word between them; Tagalog lagi, Kapampangan pane and Pangasinan naynay are each on their own.

Family & people

Relationships and forms of address.

Family & people: Kapampangan phrases with Bikol and English translations
Kapampangan	Bikol	English
Imapending review	Ina	MotherKapampangan 'ima' is a mother; Ilocano 'ima' is a hand. Two Luzon languages a hundred kilometres apart, same three letters, nothing in common.
Ibpapending review	Ama	FatherAma holds in Tagalog, Ilocano, Bikol and Pangasinan. Cebuano amahan and the Hiligaynon and Waray amay are the same root extended; Kapampangan ibpa is the only one that shares nothing, which is the pattern Kapampangan sets across this whole list.
Imapending review	Nanay	MumNanay is the near-universal informal form. Ilocano nanang keeps the same shape with its own ending, and Kapampangan ima stands apart — the formal ina sits behind most of these, but nanay is what people actually say.
Tatangpending review	Tatay	DadTatay runs through six of the eight, with Ilocano and Kapampangan both saying tatang. That pairing is worth noticing: the two languages agree here while disagreeing on almost every other kinship term on this page.
Anakpending review	Aki	Child'Anak' is the offspring relationship in all eight; Bikol 'aki' is the exception and is a child in general.
Kapatadpending review	Tugang	SiblingSix unrelated roots. Only Tagalog 'kapatid' and Kapampangan 'kapatad' match, and that is a loan rather than shared inheritance.
Apupending review	Lola	GrandmotherLola is Spanish, and it has taken over Tagalog and all three Visayan languages plus Bikol. What it has not displaced is instructive — Ilocano apong baket, Kapampangan apu and Pangasinan bai all survive in the Luzon languages outside Tagalog.
Apupending review	Lolo	GrandfatherPangasinan 'laki' is a grandfather. In Tagalog, Cebuano and most of the rest, 'lalaki' is simply a man — close enough to mislead.
Kaluguranpending review	Katood	FriendEight languages, eight unrelated words. Kapampangan 'kaluguran' doubles as a term of affection, which is why 'Kaluguran daka' means 'I love you'.
Lalakipending review	Lalaki	ManLalaki, unchanged in seven of the eight. Pangasinan laki is the same word with the first syllable worn away, which it also does to babae — bii.
Babaipending review	Babayi	WomanBabae with local spellings — babai, babaye, babayi — in seven languages. Pangasinan bii is the outlier, and it is the same clipping that turns lalaki into laki.
Asawapending review	Agom	Spouse'Asawa' covers husband and wife alike in seven of the eight — the sex of the spouse is not marked. Bikol 'agom' is the odd one out.
Lagyupending review	Pangaran	NameNo single word here, which matters because 'what is your name' is the first sentence anyone learns. Ngalan and ngaran run through the Visayan languages and Bikol, Ilocano nagan is close, and Kapampangan lagyu shares nothing with any of them.
Bapapending review	Tiyo	UncleTiyo is Spanish and has taken Tagalog, Hiligaynon, Waray and Bikol. The native terms survive where Spanish reached less deeply: Ilocano and Pangasinan both keep uliteg, Cebuano uyoan, Kapampangan bapa.
Darapending review	Tiya	AuntThe same split as uncle, and the same languages resist. Tiya covers Tagalog, Hiligaynon, Waray and Bikol; Ilocano and Pangasinan both keep ikit, exactly as they both keep uliteg.
lalakipending review	lalaki	Man (adult male)Lalaki with no variation at all until Pangasinan, which clips it to laki — the same thing it does to the word for woman.
taupending review	tawo	Man (human being)Tao and tawo are one word: the Visayan languages and Bikol keep the w, Tagalog and Ilocano drop it. Pangasinan too and Kapampangan tau are the same again with their own vowels.
anakpending review	aki	Child (a youth)Two different words competing. Anak means offspring and covers most of the list; Tagalog and Cebuano bata means a young person regardless of whose child they are. Bikol aki is a third. Which one a language chose is a choice about what 'child' means.
asawapending review	agom	WifeAsawa in seven of the eight, and it is gender-neutral in all of them — the same word appears as the entry for husband. Bikol agom is the only language here using a separate term.
asawapending review	agom	HusbandThe interesting row is this one against wife. Tagalog, Ilocano, Kapampangan and Pangasinan use asawa for both; Cebuano, Hiligaynon and Waray keep a distinct bana for a husband. Bikol agom covers both, like asawa does.

Food & eating

Meals, ingredients and asking for them.

Food & eating: Kapampangan phrases with Bikol and English translations
Kapampangan	Bikol	English
Abiaspending review	Bagas	Rice (uncooked)All eight distinguish uncooked grain from cooked rice with separate words — a distinction English has to spell out.
Asanpending review	Sira	FishBikol and Pangasinan 'sira' is a fish. In Tagalog and Cebuano 'sira' means broken or spoiled — so a Bikolano menu can read alarmingly to a Manila reader.
Karnepending review	Karne	MeatKarne in all eight without a single spelling change. That is unusual for a loan on this list — most leave at least one language holding its own word, and meat left none.
Manukpending review	Manok	ChickenManok in all eight, with only Kapampangan manuk differing and only in the vowel it always changes. Unlike karne directly above it, nothing displaced this one.
Babipending review	Urig	PigBaboy in seven. Bikol urig is the only language here that kept something else, and Kapampangan babi is baboy with its usual syllable lost.
Ebunpending review	Sugok	EggOne of the sharpest splits in this file. 'Itlog' covers Tagalog through Hiligaynon, then Waray, Bikol, Kapampangan and Pangasinan each go their own way entirely.
Asinpending review	Asin	SaltThe province of Pangasinan is named for this word — 'pang-asin-an', the place where salt is made.
Gulepending review	Gulay	VegetableUtan across the three Visayan languages, gulay in Tagalog and Bikol with Kapampangan gule beside them. Ilocano nateng and Pangasinan pising are each alone.
Manganpending review	Magkakan	To eatIlocano, Kapampangan and Pangasinan all use 'mangan' — a genuine Luzon isogloss, and one of the very few things the three share against the Visayan 'kaon'.
Danupan ku napending review	Gutom na ako	I'm hungryGutom is the shared root through Tagalog, the Visayan languages and Bikol. The three Luzon languages outside Tagalog each have their own — and each folds the 'I' into the verb rather than saying it separately: mabisinak, danupan ku na, naerasan ak.
Manyamanpending review	Masiram	DeliciousEight languages, eight unrelated words for the same compliment. If you learn one word from this list, learn the local one for this.
Mabsi na kupending review	Basog na ako	I'm fullBusog runs through Tagalog, the Visayan languages and Bikol. Ilocano nabsogakon is the same root with the person attached to it — the construction the pronouns guide sets out, where a whole sentence fits inside one word.
Tinapepending review	Tinapay	BreadTinapay in seven languages. Cebuano alone says pan — Spanish, and shorter.
Asukalpending review	Asukar	SugarAsukal or asukar, and the split is one consonant: Tagalog, Cebuano, Kapampangan and Pangasinan take the l; Ilocano, Hiligaynon, Waray and Bikol take the r. Four against four.
Sagingpending review	Batag	BananaSaging in five. Ilocano and Pangasinan both say saba, which in Tagalog names one particular cooking variety rather than the fruit in general. Bikol batag is its own word.
Ungutpending review	Niyog	CoconutLubi across all three Visayan languages; niyog in Tagalog, Bikol and Pangasinan with Ilocano niog alongside. Kapampangan ungut belongs to neither group.
Manggapending review	Mangga	MangoMangga in all eight with no variation, which on a page where sweet, sour and salty all splinter is worth noticing.
Maispending review	Mais	CornMais in all eight, from Spanish maíz. Maize is a New World crop that reached these islands through Spain, and the word came with the plant.
Bawangpending review	Bawang	GarlicThe Visayan languages took the Spanish 'ajos'; the Luzon languages kept the native 'bawang'.
Sabopending review	Sabaw	Soup, brothSabaw in six, with Kapampangan sabo the same word shortened. Ilocano digo is the only real outlier.
Mayumupending review	Mahamis	SweetTam-is is the root, and almost every language wraps it in its own adjective prefix — ma-, na-. Bikol mahamis differs by a single consonant; Kapampangan mayumu is the one form here unrelated to the rest.
Maaslampending review	Maalsom	SourOne root under everyone's adjective prefix, and the vowels do the moving: aslom, aslam, alsem, alsom. The consonants hold. Tagalog maasim is the same word with the l dropped.
Maalatpending review	Maalat	SaltyMaalat in Tagalog, Waray, Bikol and Kapampangan. Hiligaynon maasin builds it on asin — salt itself — while Cebuano parat and Ilocano naapgad are separate words again.
Maglutupending review	Magluto	To cookLuto is the root in every one; only the prefix changes — mag-, ag-, man-. Ilocano agluto takes the ag- that marks actor focus, the same prefix the verb table sets out.
Pingganpending review	Platito	PlateA clean split between the Spanish word and the native one. Tagalog, Cebuano and Bikol took plato; Ilocano, Hiligaynon, Waray, Kapampangan and Pangasinan all kept pinggan. Five to three, and geography does not predict which.
Kutsarapending review	Kutsara	SpoonKutsara in all eight, from Spanish cuchara — and it sits beside plate, where five languages kept pinggan rather than take plato. The spoon was borrowed everywhere; the plate was not.

Drinks

Water, coffee and what to order.

Drinks: Kapampangan phrases with Bikol and English translations
Kapampangan	Bikol	English
Danumpending review	Tubig	WaterThe Luzon/Visayan split in one word: danum in the north, tubig everywhere else. Tagalog sides with the Visayan languages here despite sitting on Luzon.
Kapepending review	Kape	Coffee
Gataspending review	Gatas	Milk
Minumpending review	Mag-inom	To drink
Danum pupending review	Tubig tabi	Water, please
Tsapending review	Tsaa	Tea
Serbesapending review	Serbesa	Beer
Mapali a danumpending review	Mainit na tubig	Hot water
Malamig a danumpending review	Malipot na tubig	Cold water

Market & money

Prices, haggling, paying.

Market & money: Kapampangan phrases with Bikol and English translations
Kapampangan	Bikol	English
Salapipending review	Kwarta	MoneyTagalog took 'pera' from Spanish 'perra'; everything north and south of it took 'cuarta' instead. The two are not interchangeable outside Manila.
Maalpending review	Mahal	ExpensiveIn Tagalog 'mahal' means both expensive and beloved. Ilocano keeps them apart — 'nangina' for costly, 'ay-ayat' for love — so the pun does not survive translation.
Murapending review	Barato	CheapFour of the eight reach for the Spanish 'barato' rather than a native word, while Tagalog and Ilocano kept their own.
Salihanpending review	Magbakal	To buyCebuano 'palit' is to buy; in Tagalog 'palit' is to exchange or swap. Same root, opposite ends of a transaction.
Pamalengkepending review	Saudan	Market
Magkanu ini?pending review	Pira ini?	How much is this?
Maal yapending review	Mahal na marhay	That's too expensive

Directions

Left, right, here, there and how far.

Directions: Kapampangan phrases with Bikol and English translations
Kapampangan	Bikol	English
Kailipending review	Wala	LeftThe most dangerous word on this page. 'Wala' means left in four of these languages and 'none' in Tagalog — so a Tagalog speaker hearing directions in Cebu can understand the sentence and take the wrong turn.
Wananpending review	Tuo	Right
Kenipending review	Digdi	HereHiligaynon 'diri' is 'here'. Waray 'diri' is 'not'. The two languages are neighbours and this pair catches people constantly.
Karinpending review	Duman	There
Marayupending review	Harayo	Far
Malapitpending review	Harani	Near
Nokarin ing banyu?pending review	Sain an banyo?	Where is the toilet?
Umepending review	Magduman	To go
Diretsupending review	Diretso	Straight ahead
Babopending review	Itaas	Up
Lalampending review	Ibaba	Down
Lubpending review	Laog	Inside
Palualpending review	Luwas	Outside

Health & emergency

The phrases worth knowing before you need them.

Health & emergency: Kapampangan phrases with Bikol and English translations
Kapampangan	Bikol	English
Saup!pending review	Tabang!	Help!Worth memorising the local form before you need it. Cebuano 'tabang' is help; Hiligaynon 'tab-ang' is bland or tasteless, which is a poor thing to shout.
Doktorpending review	Doktor	Doctor
Ospitalpending review	Ospital	Hospital
Masakit kupending review	May hilang ako	I am sick
Masakitpending review	Makulog	It hurtsWaray 'maul-ul' and Bikol 'makulog' share nothing with the 'sakit' the other six use.
Pulispending review	Pulis	Police
Api!pending review	Kalayo!	Fire!Bikol shouts 'Kalayo!', which in Tagalog would be parsed as 'distance'. In an emergency that is the worst possible ambiguity.
Manako!pending review	Parahabon!	Thief!
Mingat kapending review	Mag-ingat ka	Be careful
Masakit ing buntukpending review	Kulog kan payo	Headache

The body

Head to foot, where several of these languages share nothing at all.

The body: Kapampangan phrases with Bikol and English translations
Kapampangan	Bikol	English
Buntukpending review	Payo	HeadBikol 'payo' is a head. In Tagalog 'payo' is advice — which makes it one of the neatest false friends in the country.
Matapending review	Mata	Eye
Gamatpending review	Kamot	HandThree separate traps in one row: Ilocano 'ima' is Kapampangan for mother, Visayan 'kamot' is Tagalog for scratching, and Pangasinan 'lima' is the numeral five in every other language here.
Bitispending review	Bitis	Foot
Asbukpending review	Nguso	MouthVisayan 'baba' is a mouth; Tagalog 'baba' is a chin, and with different stress it is also 'down'. Neighbouring body parts, different words.
Atyanpending review	Tulak	Stomach
Buakpending review	Buhok	Hair
Balugbugpending review	Talinga	Ear
Arungpending review	Dungo	Nose
Ipanpending review	Ngipon	Tooth
Dayapending review	Dugo	BloodIlocano and Kapampangan both say 'daya' for blood — and in Tagalog and Cebuano the same word means cheating. Worth care in any medical setting.
Pusupending review	Puso	Heart
balatpending review	kublit	Skin (of a person)
lamanpending review	laman	Meat (as in flesh)
butulpending review	tulang	Bone
tabapending review	taba	Fat (noun)
dilapending review	dila	Tongue
kukupending review	kuko	Fingernail
bitispending review	tabay	Leg
tudpending review	tuhod	Knee
atianpending review	tulak	Belly
bitukapending review	bituka	Guts
batalpending review	liog	Neck
gulutpending review	likod	Back
susupending review	suso	Breast
atepending review	katoy	Liver

Nature & weather

Sun, rain, sea and mountain.

Nature & weather: Kapampangan phrases with Bikol and English translations
Kapampangan	Bikol	English
Aldopending review	Saldang	SunIlocano 'init' is the sun; Tagalog 'init' is heat. Related idea, different part of speech, and machine translation routinely mixes the two.
Bulanpending review	Bulan	MoonSeven of the eight kept 'bulan'; Tagalog alone shifted the l to w. The same word means 'month' in all of them.
Batwinpending review	Bitoon	Star
Uranpending review	Uran	RainIlocano is alone here. 'Tudo' shares nothing with the ulan/uran the other seven use.
Dayatmalatpending review	Dagat	Sea
Bundukpending review	Bukid	MountainTwo traps at once. Ilocano 'bantay' is a mountain; in Tagalog it is a guard. Visayan 'bukid' is a mountain; in Tagalog 'bukid' is a field or farm.
Balepending review	Harong	House
Apipending review	Kalayo	FireVisayan 'kalayo' is fire; Tagalog 'kalayo' would be parsed as 'distance'. The Luzon languages all keep apoy/apuy.
Ilugpending review	Salog	RiverWaray and Bikol 'salog' looks close to Tagalog 'ilog' but is a separate root — and in Cebuano 'salog' is a floor.
Gabunpending review	Daga	Land, soilSix unrelated roots for the ground under your feet, and Ilocano 'daga' collides head-on with Tagalog, where it means a rat.
Dutungpending review	Kahoy	Tree
Sampagapending review	Burak	FlowerIlocano 'sabong' is a flower. In Tagalog 'sabong' is cockfighting — an unusually large gap for two languages spoken on the same island.
Batupending review	Gapo	Stone
Anginpending review	Duros	Wind
Bagyupending review	Bagyo	Typhoon
gubatpending review	kadlagan	Forest
tingtingpending review	sarasa	Stick (of wood)
bungapending review	bunga	Fruit
butulpending review	pisog	Seed
bulungpending review	dahon	Leaf
yamutpending review	gamot	Root
tangkepending review	ubak	Bark (of tree)
dikutpending review	duot	Grass
lawapending review	danaw	Lake
dagatpending review	dagat	Sea (as in ocean)
balaspending review	baybay	Sand
alikabukpending review	alpog	Dust
yatupending review	daga	Earth (as in soil)
bigapending review	dampog	Cloud
ulappending review	ambon	Fog
anginpending review	duros	Wind (as in breeze)
yelupending review	nyebe	Snow
yelupending review	yelo	Ice
asukpending review	aso	Smoke
abupending review	abo	Ash
aldopending review	aldaw	Day (daytime)

Describing things

Big, small, good, beautiful.

Describing things: Kapampangan phrases with Bikol and English translations
Kapampangan	Bikol	English
Maragulpending review	Dakula	Big
Malatipending review	Sadit	Small
Mayappending review	Marhay	Good
Marokpending review	Maraot	Bad
Malagupending review	Magayon	BeautifulBikol 'magayon' is the root behind Mayon, the volcano. Waray 'mahusay' means beautiful; in Tagalog the same word means skilled or well-arranged.
Mapalipending review	Mainit	Hot
Malamigpending review	Malipot	Cold
Malagwapending review	Marikas	Fast
Bayupending review	Bago	New
Lumapending review	Luma	Old (of a thing)Ilocano and the Visayan languages use 'daan' for old — the same string Tagalog uses for a road.
Matuapending review	Gurang	Old (of a person)Ilocano 'lakay' is an old man specifically; 'baket' is the word for an old woman, and that one collides with Kapampangan 'baket', meaning why.
Dakalpending review	Dakol	Many
Ditakpending review	Kadikit	Few
Makabapending review	Halaba	Long
Makuyadpending review	Halipot	Short
Mabayatpending review	Magabat	Heavy
Malinispending review	Malinig	Clean
Marinatpending review	Maati	Dirty
nganpending review	gabos	All
mapilanpending review	nagkapira	Some
aliuapending review	iba	Other
lapadpending review	halakbang	Wide
kapalpending review	mahibog	Thick
kitidpending review	hayapit	Narrow
impispending review	mahimpis	Thin
mapalipending review	maimbong	Warm (as in weather)
marimlapending review	malipot	Cold (as in weather)
sapakpending review	pano	Full
matuapending review	daan	Old
bulukpending review	lapa	Rotten (as a log)
matulidpending review	tanos	Straight
mabilugpending review	bilog	Round
matarampending review	matarom	Sharp (as a knife)
mapurulpending review	mangurol	Dull (as a knife)
makinispending review	mahalnas	Smooth
basapending review	dumog	Wet
malangipending review	alang	Dry (adjective)
ustupending review	tama	Right (correct)
uananpending review	tuo	Right (side)
kailipending review	wala	Left (side)

Feelings

Saying how you are, and how you feel about someone.

Feelings: Kapampangan phrases with Bikol and English translations
Kapampangan	Bikol	English
Kaluguran dakapending review	Namumutan ta ka	I love youEight languages and eight completely different verbs. This row alone answers the question of whether Philippine languages are 'dialects of each other'.
Masayapending review	Maugma	Happy
Malungkutpending review	Mamundo	Sad
Mapagalpending review	Pagal	Tired
Muapending review	Anggot	Angry
Matakutpending review	Takot	Afraid

Colours

Basic colour terms.

Colours: Kapampangan phrases with Bikol and English translations
Kapampangan	Bikol	English
Malutupending review	Pula	RedPula covers Tagalog, all three Visayan languages and Bikol. The three that break from it — Ilocano nalabaga, Kapampangan malutu, Pangasinan ambalanga — are exactly the three Luzon languages that sit outside the Central Philippine branch. The family tree showing through a colour word.
Maputipending review	Puti	WhitePuti is the base, and two languages keep it under a prefix: Kapampangan maputi, Pangasinan amputi. The two that abandon it are Ilocano puraw and Waray busag — and busag is one of the words that marks Waray off from its Bisayan neighbours, which both say puti.
Matulingpending review	Itom	BlackKapampangan 'matuling' is black. Tagalog 'matulin' — one letter apart — means fast.
Asulpending review	Asul	BlueIdentical in all eight. That is what a loanword looks like: nothing native survives here, so there is nothing for the languages to disagree about. Compare red, where the native words hold and almost nothing matches.
Aluntianpending review	Berde	GreenOnly Kapampangan kept a native word. The other seven took the Spanish 'verde' and never replaced it.
Kahelpending review	Kahel	OrangeThe same word in all eight, which on this list is true only of orange and blue. Borrowed colour terms travel intact; the native ones — red, white, yellow — are where these languages part company.

Everyday verbs

The actions that carry most sentences.

Everyday verbs: Kapampangan phrases with Bikol and English translations
Kapampangan	Bikol	English
Matudtudpending review	Magturog	To sleep
Akitpending review	Mahiling	To see
Sabianpending review	Sabihon	To sayIlocano and Pangasinan share 'ibaga' — but in Tagalog 'baga' is an ember, and in Ilocano it is the colour red.
Balupending review	Aram	To know
Buripending review	Gusto	To wantKapampangan 'buri' is to want or like. In Tagalog 'buri' is a species of palm.
Mibiepending review	Magtao	To give
Magobrapending review	Magtrabaho	To work
Magsalitapending review	Magtaram	To speakThe Visayan languages disagree with each other completely here — sulti, hambal, yakan — which is a useful corrective to the idea that they are one language.
Sumulatpending review	Magsurat	To write
Magbasapending review	Magbasa	To read
Luklukpending review	Magtukaw	To sit
Manayapending review	Maghalat	To wait
Buklatpending review	Buksan	To open
Ume kenipending review	Magdigdi	To come here
ketpending review	kagat	To bite
sisipanpending review	supsop	To suck
luranpending review	lutab	To spit
manyukapending review	suka	To vomit
labulanpending review	hayop	To blow (as wind)
mangisnauapending review	hangos	To breathe
mailipending review	ngisi	To laugh
damdampending review	dangog	To hear
baluanpending review	aram	To know (a fact)
isipanpending review	isip	To think
bauanpending review	parong	To smell (sense odour)
takutpending review	takot	To fear
biepending review	buhay	To live
matepending review	gadan	To die
patenpending review	gadan	To kill
labanpending review	laban	To fight
man-ayuppending review	mangayam	To hunt (transitive)
turanpending review	tama	To hit
pututpending review	putol	To cut
bikapending review	silak	To split
akdakanpending review	saksak	To stab (or stick)
gamusanpending review	kagaw	To scratch (an itch)
kulkulpending review	kalot	To dig
kauepending review	langoy	To swim
sulapopending review	layog	To fly
umepending review	abot	To come
magkerapending review	higda	To lie (as on one's side)
mildispending review	siko	To turn (change direction)
mitombapending review	hulog	To fall (as in drop)
talnanpending review	kapot	To hold (in one's hand)
paslanpending review	gumok	To squeeze
kaskasanpending review	gusgos	To rub
pulisanpending review	pahid	To wipe
igutanpending review	guyod	To pull
isubungpending review	tulod	To push
iugsepending review	apon	To throw
talipending review	igakod	To tie
tayanpending review	tahi	To sew
mamilangpending review	bilang	To count
tumailapending review	kanta	To sing
mamyalungpending review	kawat	To play
gatopending review	lataw	To float
maguspending review	bulos	To flow
mangalbagpending review	gatok	To swell
silabpending review	sulo	To burn (intransitive)

Months

The Spanish-derived month names, and where the spellings part company.

Months: Kapampangan phrases with Bikol and English translations
Kapampangan	Bikol	English
Eneropending review	Enero	JanuaryThe month names are Spanish in all eight languages. What varies is spelling: Tagalog respells the Spanish f as p (Pebrero), while several of the others keep Febrero.
Pebrerupending review	Pebrero	February
Marsupending review	Marso	March
Abrilpending review	Abril	April
Mayupending review	Mayo	May
Hunyupending review	Hunyo	June
Hulyupending review	Hulyo	July
Agostupending review	Agosto	August
Setyembripending review	Setyembre	September
Oktubripending review	Oktubre	October
Nobyembripending review	Nobyembre	November
Disyembripending review	Disyembre	December

Getting around

Roads, boats, jeepneys and how to get off one.

Getting around: Kapampangan phrases with Bikol and English translations
Kapampangan	Bikol	English
Dalanpending review	Tinampo	RoadSeven of the eight use 'dalan'. Tagalog's 'daan' is the same root worn down, and Bikol went its own way with 'tinampo'.
Bangkapending review	Baroto	Boat
Kotsipending review	Awto	Car
Nokarin ka munta?pending review	Sain ka maduman?	Where are you going?
Tiketpending review	Tiket	Ticket

Somewhere to stay

Rooms, doors, keys — a category where almost nothing carries between languages.

Somewhere to stay: Kapampangan phrases with Bikol and English translations
Kapampangan	Bikol	English
Susipending review	Yaba	KeyAnother row where nothing carries over. Ilocano 'tulbek' and Tagalog 'susi' share no history at all.
Pasbulpending review	Pinto	Door
Awangpending review	Bintana	WindowIlocano 'tawa' is a window. In Tagalog it is laughter.
Kuartupending review	Kuwarto	Room
Banyupending review	Kasilyas	Toilet

Things to buy

Everyday items you might need to ask for.

Things to buy: Kapampangan phrases with Bikol and English translations
Kapampangan	Bikol	English
Imalanpending review	Bado	Clothes
Sapatuspending review	Sapatos	Shoes
Ambunpending review	Bulong	MedicineWorth knowing before a pharmacy visit, and the source of a nasty trap: Tagalog 'gamot' is medicine, but in the Visayan languages the same word means a root.
Sabunpending review	Sabon	Soap
Librupending review	Libro	Book
Papilpending review	Papel	Paper

Animals

Everyday creatures, and several of the sharpest false friends on the site.

Animals: Kapampangan phrases with Bikol and English translations
Kapampangan	Bikol	English
Asupending review	Ayam	DogFour unrelated words for the commonest domestic animal. Worth pairing with the Cebuano trap: 'aso' means smoke there, so the Tagalog word for dog is a real Cebuano word meaning something else entirely.
Pusapending review	Ikos	CatThe one domestic animal with no agreement at all. Pusa covers Tagalog, Ilocano, Kapampangan and Pangasinan; the Visayan languages each have their own word — iring, kuring, uding — and Bikol ikos shares with none of them.
Damulagpending review	Karabaw	CarabaoThe national animal, and three of the eight have their own word for it — Ilocano nuang, Kapampangan damulag, Pangasinan dueg.
Kambingpending review	Kanding	GoatKanding across the Visayan languages, Bikol and Pangasinan; kambing in Tagalog and Kapampangan; Ilocano kalding sits between the two with its own consonant. Three shapes of what looks like one word.
Bakapending review	Baka	CowBaka in all eight without variation. Spanish vaca arrived with the animal itself, so there was no native word for it to displace — which is why this row is flat while cat is not.
Kabayupending review	Kabayo	HorseKabayo everywhere, from Spanish caballo, with only spelling separating them: Ilocano kabalyo keeps the Spanish ll, Kapampangan kabayu takes its usual u. Another animal that arrived with its name.
Ubinganpending review	Halas	SnakeFive unrelated words, and the one worth memorising before you need it. Ilocano and Pangasinan share 'uleg', which is unusual — the two rarely agree.
Ayuppending review	Gamgam	BirdCebuano 'langgam' is a bird; Tagalog 'langgam' is an ant. One of the most-cited false friends between the two largest languages in the country.
Amukpending review	Lamok	MosquitoLamok in most, but Hiligaynon and Waray both say namok. The l-to-n shift between those two and their neighbours turns up elsewhere in Bisayan and is regular enough to guess at.
animalpending review	hayop	AnimalHayop covers Tagalog, Hiligaynon, Waray and Bikol, with Ilocano ayup and Pangasinan ayep as the same word reduced. Cebuano mananap is its own; the Kapampangan cell reads animal, which is worth a speaker's eye before it is trusted.
kutupending review	kuto	LouseKuto in all eight, with only Kapampangan kutu differing and only in its usual vowel. Head lice are old and universal, and the word for them has not moved.
bulatipending review	ulod	WormUlod across the Visayan languages and Bikol, uod in Tagalog. Ilocano igges and Pangasinan biges share nothing with them or, on the face of it, with each other. Kapampangan bulati is a fourth answer.
sagupending review	sungay	HornSungay holds in Tagalog and most of the Visayas, then falls apart: Ilocano sara, Waray budyong, Kapampangan sagu, Pangasinan saklor. Waray breaking from Cebuano and Hiligaynon here is its habit rather than an exception.
ikipending review	ikog	TailIkog runs through the Visayan languages and Bikol, and Pangasinan ikol and Kapampangan iki are recognisably the same. Tagalog buntot and Ilocano ipus are the two that stand outside it.
bulbulpending review	balukag	FeatherBalahibo, balhibo and barahibo are one word — the Waray r for l is the shift that language applies regularly. Ilocano dutdut, Kapampangan bulbul and Pangasinan bago are separate answers, and Bikol balukag is a fourth.
pakpakpending review	pakpak	WingPakpak in five languages, and Cebuano and Waray pako is the same root without the doubling. Ilocano payak is the only form that has moved far from it.